Final answer:
The Second Law of Thermodynamics is about the increase of entropy in an isolated system and processes that do not increase entropy do not violate this law. Examples include frictionless movement, restrained chemical reactions, and mixing identical substances at the same state, as long as entropy is not reduced and total energy remains constant in an isolated system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time, and is constant if and only if all processes are reversible. An empty, well-insulated cardboard box is an example of an isolated system where no heat or electric current can pass through the walls. Given this information, scenarios that do not violate the Second Law might include a frictionless movement, because there's no increase in entropy, restrained chemical reaction, if it's done in such a way that doesn't increase overall entropy, or mixing of two samples of the same substance at the same state, since there's no entropy change. However, it is important to note that concepts like electric current flowing through a zero resistance wire or using internal energy to power a vehicle without altering the surroundings are theoretical and do not have practical examples in real-world systems.
According to the first law of thermodynamics, which is the principle of conservation of energy, no change in the system's internal energy (U) occurs when no heat (q) is exchanged with the surroundings in an isolated system. Therefore, taking both laws into consideration, scenarios that entail transfer of energy without changing internal energy or increasing entropy can include natural spontaneous processes, but not the creation or destruction of energy, nor processes that decrease overall entropy.
While the Second Law provides a directional component to thermodynamics, essentially not allowing processes like heat transfer from a cooler to a warmer body without external work, any given scenario that does not necessarily violate this law would be one that either maintains or increases the entropy of the system, without requiring an external exchange of energy.