Final answer:
In benzene, cyclohexane will be the most soluble due to its nonpolar nature, ammonium chloride will be the least soluble, and ethylene glycol's solubility will fall in between. LiCl is the most soluble in water, naphthalene is the least, and benzoic acid is moderately soluble. In a benzene-ethanol mixture, ethanol will contain more 1-Hexanol due to its polarity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The solubility of substances in a solvent like benzene depends on the nature of the solute and the solvent. Both solvents are nonpolar, and so nonpolar substances will likely dissolve better in these.
Ammonium Chloride, Cyclohexane, and Ethylene Glycol in Benzene
Ammonium chloride is an ionic compound and will be highly soluble in polar solvents like water but insoluble in benzene. Cyclohexane, being nonpolar like benzene, will be the most soluble in benzene due to similar intermolecular interactions. Ethylene glycol has hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds, making it more polar and less soluble in nonpolar benzene compared to cyclohexane, but more than ammonium chloride.
LiCl, Benzoic Acid, and Naphthalene in Water
LiCl is expected to be the most soluble in water, as it forms favorable interactions with water's polarity. Naphthalene is nonpolar and expected to be the least soluble in water due to the weak interaction with water molecules. Benzoic acid has both polar and nonpolar parts, making it more soluble than naphthalene, but less soluble than LiCl.
Juice in Benzene-Ethanol Vat
The benzene-ethanol vat contains immiscible solvents. 1-Hexanol, being an alcohol, would likely have a greater affinity for ethanol due to its polarity and ability to hydrogen bond. Thus, Jim would drink the solvent with the higher amount of 1-Hexanol, which is ethanol. The nonpolar components like cyclohexane would have a higher concentration in the benzene layer.