Final answer:
Antinatalist policies are used by governments to combat population growth, with China's one-child policy as a prime example. These policies are often controversial and have significant social implications. Other methods, like family planning education, can also influence population growth rates.
Step-by-step explanation:
The government policy commonly used to combat population growth is d) Antinatalist policies. These policies aim to decrease the birth rate and control the population growth. A notorious example of antinatalist policy is the one-child policy in China, which was established to moderate population growth by imposing fines on urban couples who had more than one child. Despite its intention to control population, the policy has been controversial due to its severe side effects, such as cases of forced abortions and female infanticide.
Other countries have implemented different methods, including family planning education programs which have positively affected population growth rates and quality of life. In contrast, policies such as prounatalist, immigration-friendly, and prohibition of contraception are generally not used to combat population growth; rather, they tend to support population maintenance or growth.