Final answer:
In English, adjectives functioning comparatively or superlatively require additional words like 'more' or 'most' for comparison, which affects translation into other languages. Adjectives convey nuanced meanings and perceptions, which are essential for precise translations, especially considering differences in hyphenation rules across languages.
Step-by-step explanation:
When adjectives are functioning comparatively or superlatively, additional words may be required in translation. Adjectives modify or describe nouns, and they can take on different forms such as comparative and superlative degrees. For example, in the English language, we might use 'more' to form the comparative ('more reliable') or 'most' to form the superlative ('most reliable'). However, other languages may require entirely different words or structures to convey these degrees of comparison. Additionally, when adjectives function as part of an adjective phrase, they may be accompanied by qualifiers such as 'very' or 'extremely', which can also influence the translation requirement.
Furthermore, when we use adjectives in descriptive writing, they can significantly shape our perception of the subject. Sociological studies, like those by Lera Boroditsky, have shown that language influences perception, as demonstrated by the gender-related adjective use among German and Spanish speakers. Such nuances highlight the importance of adjectives in communication and translation.
In translation, it is also essential to consider hyphenation rules, as hyphens are used to join words serving as a single modifier before a noun (e.g., 'well-known fact'). Hyphen usage can vary between languages, which may affect how adjectives and their accompanying modifiers are translated.