Final answer:
The Persian campaign failures in 490, 480, and 479 BC were caused by a combination of strategic mistakes by the Persians, the resilience and unity of the Greek city-states, and the Greeks' knowledge of the terrain and naval superiority. The Greek states sought to solve their problems in the wars because they were threatened by the expansion of the Persian Empire and wanted to protect their independence. However, their efforts were not permanent and led to new conflicts due to power struggles among the Greek city-states and external influences.
Step-by-step explanation:
In 490 BC, the Persian campaign failed primarily due to the Greek victory at the Battle of Marathon. The Greek city-states sought to solve their problems in the wars because they were threatened by the expansion of the Persian Empire and sought to protect their independence. However, their efforts were not permanent because new conflicts arose as a result of the power vacuum left by the defeated Persians.
In 480 BC, the Persian campaign failed due to a combination of factors such as strategic mistakes by Xerxes, the Persian king, and the resilience and unity of the Greek city-states. The Greeks used their knowledge of the terrain and naval superiority to defeat the Persians at the Battle of Salamis and the Battle of Plataea.
In 479 BC, the Persian campaign failed once again due to the Greek victory at the Battle of Mycale. The Greek city-states continued to fight against the Persians to secure their independence and prevent further Persian invasions. However, their efforts were not permanent as new conflicts arose due to power struggles among the Greek city-states and the influence of external forces.
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