Final answer:
The Janzen-Connell hypothesis explains the high diversity of trees in tropical forests by suggesting that specialized enemies negatively impact common tree species, allowing rare species to thrive and maintain high diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Janzen-Connell hypothesis is a theory that explains the high diversity of trees in tropical forests. According to this hypothesis, certain factors such as specialized herbivores and pathogens can lead to a greater diversity of tree species in a given area. The hypothesis suggests that these specialized enemies have a negative impact on common tree species, which allows rare species to thrive and maintain high diversity.
For example, in a tropical forest, a specific herbivore may preferentially consume the seeds of a common tree species, reducing its population. However, the rare tree species may have defenses against these herbivores, allowing them to survive and reproduce without much competition. This leads to a higher proportion of rare species, resulting in greater diversity.
Overall, the Janzen-Connell hypothesis emphasizes the importance of species interactions and the role of natural enemies in maintaining high tree diversity in tropical forests.