Final answer:
According to the neuronal workspace hypothesis, consciousness is made possible by the extended capacity of the modern neocortex and developed brain stem structures. Neuroplasticity also plays a crucial role in consciousness, enabling the brain to change and adapt. Consciousness is not a surface feature of the brain, but a system feature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The neuronal workspace hypothesis suggests that consciousness is made possible by the extended capacity of the modern neocortex and the highly developed brain stem structures. Humans have unique mental capacities due to their neuroarchitecture, which is similar to that of more primitive species. However, the neocortex allows for advanced cognitive processes and the integration of information from different parts of the brain.
This hypothesis suggests that consciousness is not a surface feature of the brain, but a system feature, similar to how liquidity is a system feature of water. The entire system, including the neocortex and brain stem, is involved in consciousness. The conscious state of the brain is determined by its neurobiology at a given time, but it can change over time.
Neuroplasticity is another factor that contributes to consciousness. This refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt, allowing for the creation of new synapses, pruning of unused synapses, and even the birth of new neurons. Neuroplasticity ensures that our brains are constantly changing and adapting, which is essential for consciousness.