Final answer:
Experts are superior to novices because they have a propensity for using analogies, can effectively distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information, and possess a well-developed network of cross-referenced information and deeper memory connections.
Step-by-step explanation:
Experts are considered superior to novices for several reasons, all of which contribute to their heightened ability to perform and solve problems within their field of expertise. Firstly, they are more likely to use analogies, allowing them to apply knowledge from one domain to another effectively. Secondly, an expert's ability to distinguish relevant information from irrelevant data is fine-tuned, which enhances decision-making and problem-solving capabilities. Lastly, experts possess a wealth of cross-referenced information and develop deeper memory connections, enriching their understanding and enabling them to draw on a vast array of knowledge when confronted with new challenges.
These characteristics give experts a more nuanced and holistic approach to their specialization compared to novices. For instance, in complex situations, experts may intuitively sense an answer and scrutinize it further to avoid potential mistakes, while novices may not readily discern which heuristics or biases could lead them astray. Additionally, a thorough and repeated study of material is common among experts, further cementing their knowledge and mastery. Despite the Dunning-Kruger effect, where novices may overestimate their abilities and experts may underestimate theirs, the actual capabilities of experts greatly exceed those of novices in practical applications.