Final answer:
To solve the 'duck problem' without relying on the incorrect assumption that ducks come in pairs, the means-end analysis strategy can be used to break down the problem into smaller parts. Other strategies like the brute force approach, representation switch, and analogies may also be applicable. Deductive reasoning, a common method in scientific research, is used to derive logical conclusions from general hypotheses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 'duck problem' mentioned in the question refers to a problem that can be mistakenly approached with the assumption that ducks come in pairs, leading to an incorrect solution. To solve this issue effectively, one can employ various problem-solving strategies, one of which is outlined in option (a). While the others can also be relevant, option (a) pertains to the strategy of means-end analysis, which involves analyzing the differences between the current state and the goal state, and then breaking down the problem into smaller, more manageable parts to reach a solution.
A brute force approach and representation switch could also be viable strategies, depending on the nature of the problem. Using analogies might help to draw parallels with similar problems to find a solution. Regardless of the chosen strategy, it is crucial to identify knowns and unknowns and check if the answer is reasonable, employing either deductive or inductive reasoning as necessary.
Deductive reasoning uses a general hypothesis to reach logical conclusions. If the hypothesis is correct, as in the case of ducks requiring energy, then the conclusions should be correct too. However, incorrect hypotheses can lead to logical but false conclusions, highlighting the importance of empirical testing in scientific research.