Final answer:
Deductive reasoning in hypothesis-based science begins with a general theory and predicts specific results. Scientists use deductive reasoning to develop research methods and test their hypotheses.
Step-by-step explanation:
Deductive reasoning, also known as deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. It begins with a general principle or theory and predicts specific results based on that principle. Scientists use deductive reasoning to develop research methods and test their hypotheses.
For example, if a scientist hypothesizes that all living things require energy to survive, they can use deductive reasoning to predict that ducks, as living things, require energy to survive. They can then design a study to test this hypothesis.