Final answer:
The correct answer is c) anchoring, larger. Anchoring bias suggests that people should start with a larger number when asking for donations, as the initial number sets a reference point that influences subsequent giving.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is c) anchoring, larger. Anchoring bias is a psychological tendency to rely heavily on the first piece of information offered (the "anchor") when making decisions. In the context of asking for donations, anchoring bias suggests that starting with a larger number will influence the donors to give more, as their perception of an appropriate amount to give is influenced by the initial high anchor.
For example, if you are trying to raise money for a cause and you suggest a starting donation amount of $100, people will tend to anchor to that value and make contributions in that range. Conversely, if you suggest $10, potential donors may anchor to this lower value and donate less overall. Thus, people involved in fundraising efforts should keep in mind that the initial number they present can significantly impact the amount of money they raise.