Question

It asks you to identify and list the independent variable, dependent variable, experimental control, and constants from the given scenario experiments.

Scenario #1:

Independent variable: Listening to soothing music
Dependent variable: Pulse and blood pressure
Experimental control: Both groups had their pulse and blood pressure measured before and after the experiment.
Constants: All participants were in the same room under the same conditions, except for the independent variable.
Scenario #2:

Independent variable: Adding salt to bread
Dependent variable: Mold growth
Experimental control: Both groups of bread were baked in the same way and stored in the same conditions, except for the independent variable.
Constants: The recipe, baking method, and storage conditions were the same for both groups of bread.
Scenario #3:

Independent variable: Type of paper used to make the helicopter
Dependent variable: Flight time
Experimental control: All helicopters were thrown in the same hallway, using the same amount of force.
Constants: The hallway and throwing force were the same for all helicopters.
Scenario #4:

Independent variable: Location of the cup
Dependent variable: Amount of water evaporated
Experimental control: All cups had the same amount of water at the start of the experiment and were placed in the same room under the same conditions, except for the independent variable.
Constants: The amount of water, room temperature, and humidity were the same for all cups.

Answer 1

An experimental study manipulates an independent variable to observe changes in a dependent variable, with other conditions kept constant. Examples are provided from four scenarios, highlighting the independent and dependent variables, experimental control, and constants.

Step-by-step explanation:

An experimental study involves manipulating one variable (the independent variable) to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable (the dependent variable). In a well-designed experiment, the independent variable is the only important difference between the experimental and control groups, which are otherwise maintained under the same conditions (constants). The control group allows for comparison against the experimental manipulation.

In Scenario #1, listening to soothing music is the independent variable, and the measure of its effect is seen in the dependent variables, pulse and blood pressure. Scenario #2 tests the effects of adding salt to bread on mold growth, where the salt is the independent variable, and the mold growth is the dependent variable. In Scenario #3, the type of paper used to make the helicopter is the independent variable, and the flight time is the dependent variable. Lastly, Scenario #4 examines the location of the cup as the independent variable and the amount of water evaporated as the dependent variable.