Final answer:
The gas laws include Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, Avogadro's Law, and the Ideal Gas Law. Boyle's Law relates pressure and volume, Charles's Law relates volume and temperature, Avogadro's Law relates volume and number of moles, and the Ideal Gas Law combines all three variables.
Step-by-step explanation:
The gas laws are mathematical formulas that describe the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, and the amount of gas. These laws include:
- Boyle's Law: This law states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature. The equation for Boyle's Law is P1 × V1 = P2 × V2.
- Charles's Law: This law states that the volume and temperature of a gas are directly proportional at constant pressure. The equation for Charles's Law is V1 ÷ T1 = V2 ÷ T2.
- Avogadro's Law: This law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas at constant temperature and pressure. The equation for Avogadro's Law is V1 ÷ n1 = V2 ÷ n2.
The Ideal Gas Law combines all three variables (pressure, temperature, and number of moles) and can be expressed as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.