Final answer:
While the specific Supreme Court case addressing the matter of qualified immunity for correctional officers employed by a private firm is not listed, it is generally understood that qualified immunity applies to government officials and not to private firm employees. Thus, typically, employees of private firms, such as private correctional officers, would not be entitled to qualified immunity from suits by prisoners.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Supreme Court case that held that correctional officers employed by a private firm are not entitled to qualified immunity from suits by prisoners is not directly identified in the options provided in the question. However, the relevant case law regarding correctional officers and qualified immunity would be considered under civil rights law, and specifically within the purview of 42 U.S.C. Section 1983, which allows individuals to sue state officials, including correctional officers, for a violation of their civil rights. It is important to note that the cases cited (Smith v. Doe, Minersville School District v. Gobitis, West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, and Sovereign Immunity v. Qualified Immunity) do not pertain to the matter of qualified immunity for private correctional officers in regard to suits by prisoners. Typically, qualified immunity applies to government officials, not employees of private entities. Hence, in general, private firm employees would not be entitled to qualified immunity.