Final answer:
A comparison of genes between two very different-looking species can reveal their evolutionary relationship through the identification of homologous structures and genetic similarities. Advances in technology like DNA sequencing and tools such as BLAST help piece together phylogenetic trees that demonstrate how closely related species are, which may not be apparent from morphology alone.
Step-by-step explanation:
In comparing two species that look very different, a comparison of the species' genes can reveal their evolutionary relationship. Organisms may display significant morphological differences due to minor genetic changes, which may mask their relatedness. Comparing DNA sequences allows scientists to identify homologous structures, which are features that overlap morphologically and genetically, indicating a common evolutionary path. For instance, the wings of bats and birds contain homologous bone structures even though they serve different functions. Modern technology has enabled the direct comparison of genes between species, aiding in constructing phylogenetic trees and cladograms. These comparisons often involve the use of molecular systematics and tools such as BLAST, which analyze similarities in DNA sequences, protein structures, and gene arrangements, to determine evolutionary connections. Closer genetic similarities typically suggest a more recent common ancestor, as seen in the case of humans and chimpanzees sharing about 98% of their genes.
Misleading appearances may occur when minor genetic differences result in significant visual diversification. However, the underlying genetic information can still point to a close evolutionary relationship, emphasizing the importance of genetic evidence in understanding the phylogeny of different species.