Final answer:
When a heterozygous individual (Aa) is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual (aa), 50% of the progeny are expected to have the dominant phenotype.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Mendelian genetics, when you cross a heterozygous individual (Aa) with a homozygous recessive individual (aa), the expected percentage of offspring with the dominant phenotype can be calculated using a Punnett square. In this cross, the heterozygous parent can produce two types of gametes (A and a), each at a 50% frequency. The homozygous recessive parent will only produce a type gametes. When these gametes combine, you will have the following combinations: Aa and aa. Since the Aa combination represents the dominant phenotype and occurs in 50% of the cases, we can expect that 50% of the resulting progeny will have the dominant phenotype.