Final answer:
Areas 13 and 11 of the OFC are involved in emotional and reward processing with connections to the amygdala and basal nuclei. The basal nuclei have complex connections with the cerebral cortex, influencing movement and behavior. The spinal cord's gray and white matter is organized distinctly, and the diencephalon facilitates connections between the cerebrum and the spinal cord.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the study of the Central Nervous System (CNS), considered under Biology, specific areas of the cerebral cortex are identified by Brodmann's areas. Area 13 and Area 11, part of the OFC (orbitofrontal cortex), are involved in decision-making, emotion, and reward in various social situations. Area 13 has connections with subcortical structures such as the amygdala, which plays a role in emotional processing, while Area 11 is associated with reward and decision-making, having connections to other cortical areas and the basal nuclei. The basal nuclei exhibit complex connections with multiple areas of the brain, influencing movement and behavior. Meanwhile, the gray and white matter in the spinal cord is arranged in a specific manner: gray matter, which contains neuron cell bodies, forms an "H" or butterfly shape in the cross-section of the spinal cord, and is surrounded by white matter consisting of myelinated nerve fibers that carry signals to and from the brain. The connections from the cerebrum to the brain stem and spinal cord involve the diencephalon. The diencephalon acts as a relay center and plays a vital role in connecting the cerebrum with the brain stem, from which signals are then transmitted into the spinal cord. This intricate network enables complex integrative functions and communication within the CNS.