Final answer:
The premotor cortex controls core muscle movements for posture during actions, while the supplementary motor area coordinates movement, especially learned sequential actions. The prefrontal cortex is involved in cognitive functions related to planning and decision-making for movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The functions of the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor region are critical in planning and executing movements. The premotor cortex, located more laterally, is involved in controlling the movements of core muscles to maintain posture during movement. This region is responsible for preparing the body to enact learned or intended movements. On the other hand, the supplementary motor area, situated more medially and superiorly, is crucial for planning and coordinating movement, with a significant role in managing sequential movements based on prior experiences, such as those learned movements necessary to drive a car. The prefrontal cortex contains areas involved in higher-order cognitive functions such as judgment, abstract reasoning, and working memory. These cognitive processes are antecedents to planning movements, emphasizing the integration of motor and cognitive functions in the frontal lobe, which includes the secondary motor cortices.