Final answer:
The temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and amygdala, and the frontal lobe's prefrontal cortex, are particularly engaged in behavior selection based on temporal memory, facilitating memory consolidation, working memory, and emotional memory processing.
Step-by-step explanation:
Brain Areas Engaged in Behavior Selection Based on Temporal Memory
Memory functions, particularly those involving the selection of behaviour based on temporal memory, are primarily associated with certain areas of the brain. The temporal lobe is one of the key regions that is engaged in the long-term storage and recall of memories. Within the temporal lobe, the hippocampus, amygdala, and adjacent cortex are crucial for different types of memory processing. The hippocampus is vital for the consolidation of short-term to long-term memories, including episodic memories. The amygdala regulates emotions and plays a part in determining what memories to store, particularly in relation to emotional events which often produce stronger memory retention.
The frontal lobe, and particularly the prefrontal cortex, is associated with short-term or active memory, which includes working memory crucial for organising and representing information. This area is fundamental for behaviour selection because it allows for planning and executing goal-directed actions based on the information held in working memory. Moreover, the cerebellum is engaged in processing procedural memories such as learning how to play a musical instrument.
In conclusion, the hippocampus and related medial temporal lobe structures, along with the prefrontal cortex, are especially engaged in selecting behaviour based on temporal memory, drawing on the processes of memory consolidation and working memory management.