Final answer:
The term that describes the behaviors a speaker uses to maintain their reputation and avoid embarrassment is called 'impression management.' This includes using euphemisms, adjusting public presentations, and altering language and is part of the broader study of sociology and communication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to describe behaviors that a speaker uses to preserve their reputation and/or to avoid embarrassment is impression management. This concept is part of a larger study of sociology and communicative actions, especially in a professional or formal setting. Impression management is a dynamic process where individuals attempt to influence the perception others have of them, often by adapting their behavior based on the social context. This can include the use of euphemisms, strategic presentation of oneself in public scenarios, and modification of language to maintain a certain image or avoid negative connotations. Prominent sociologist Erving Goffman described this phenomenon within his dramaturgical theory, likening social interaction to a theatrical performance, where we present ourselves in various ways to fit different roles in accordance with the audience present.