Final answer:
The next scientific step for the Copernican heliocentric model would be to test its unique predictions, such as the phases of Venus, which can provide evidence favoring this model over geocentric models.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering what would be the next step in the scientific process for the Copernican heliocentric model, we recognize that after a new hypothesis, like Copernicus' heliocentric theory, passes initial consistency checks with existing knowledge, its unique predictions must be tested.
For the Copernican model, a notable prediction was that Venus should exhibit a full range of phases if it orbits the Sun, similar to the Moon's phases, which would not be the case in a geocentric system. In Copernicus' time, empirical testing of such predictions was not common, but today this hypothesis can be and has been tested using telescopes, offering strong evidence in favor of the heliocentric model over the geocentric model.