Final answer:
The sympathetic nervous system stimulates bronchodilation, while the parasympathetic nervous system causes bronchoconstriction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have opposite effects on the bronchioles. The sympathetic nervous system stimulates bronchodilation, which is the widening of the airways, allowing more air to enter the lungs. On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system causes bronchoconstriction, which is the narrowing of the airways, reducing the flow of air into the lungs.