Final answer:
The two primary motivations for using sociological theory in understanding health and the body are to understand the impact of social structures on individual well-being and to determine the health of societies based on their stability and adherence to social norms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two basic motivations behind applying sociological theory to understanding healthiness and the body are to comprehend human activities and societal arrangements as they relate to health, as well as to assess the health of societies in terms of stability or pathology as influenced by social norms and conditions.
Sociological perspectives on health and the body endeavor to explain how different aspects of society contribute to health outcomes. These include examining how social structures, roles, and expectations impact physical and psychological well-being and exploring the relationship between social health and individual health. For instance, understanding the sociocultural factors contributing to obesity or eating disorders helps in developing treatments and promoting well-being.
Durkheim's approach considered societies to be healthy when they are stable and identified pathology when social norms break down, implying a relationship between societal health and individual health. The evolutionary health principle also suggests that our biology and psychology are adapted to specific conditions, and significant deviations from this can cause poor health.