Final answer:
The Union had four advantages over the Confederacy during the Civil War: larger population, greater industrial capacity and railroad network, abundant food supply, and the ability to fight defensively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Union enjoyed several advantages over the Confederacy during the Civil War. Firstly, the Union had a larger population, which gave them a greater manpower reserve to draw upon. They also had a more extensive industrial capacity and railroad network, allowing them to mobilize men and supplies more efficiently.
Additionally, the Union controlled the farms in regions like New England and the Mid-Atlantic, which supplied abundant food to both civilians and troops. Lastly, the Union had the ability to fight defensively, which meant they didn't have to be the aggressors against the Confederacy.