Question

If many genes from two species differ in about 5, ________?

1) they are likely to be functionally equivalent
2) they are likely to be functionally different
3) they are likely to be mutated
4) cannot be determined

Answer 1

Functional implications of 5% gene differences cannot be determined without additional context. Small changes in gene sequences can affect protein function, and regulatory genes significantly impact organism development and diversity.

Step-by-step explanation:

If genes from two species differ by about 5%, the possible functional implications of these differences cannot be determined without additional context. However, genes that have a 5% difference could potentially be either functionally equivalent or functionally different. Genes dictate the structure of proteins, which in turn carry out the functions required for life. Small changes in the gene sequence can lead to changes in the protein structure, affecting its function. For instance, every human cell contains the same genes, but they can look and function differently due to the regulation and expression levels of these genes in different cell types. Furthermore, genetic maps show that individuals within a species are genetically similar, though not identical, which leads to the variability within species. The genetic differences between organisms, dictated by unique combinations of inherited genes from each parent, can lead to different traits. A clear example is shown in blood type determination, which involves distinct gene sequences coding for each type. Regulatory genes and hox genes play critical roles in the development and differences between organisms.