Final answer:
Arithmetic operators in C++ are classified as unary, binary, and ternary, each used for different types of calculations based on the number of operands they work with.
Step-by-step explanation:
Arithmetic operators are used for performing numeric calculations in programming. Specifically, in the context of C++, there are various types of operators which are classified based on the number of operands they operate on. Unary operators like the increment (++), decrement (--), and the negation (-) work on a single operand. Binary operators such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), and division (/) take two operands. Lastly, the ternary operator, which is unique in the sense that it takes three operands, is often used to express conditional statements (e.g. condition ? expression1 : expression2).