Final answer:
The superficial peroneal nerve receives sensation from the lateral and anterior aspects of the leg and the dorsal surface of the foot. Information about the posterior tibial arteries' supply to plantar surfaces does not pertain to the sensory function of the superficial peroneal nerve.
Step-by-step explanation:
The superficial peroneal nerve is responsible for receiving sensation from some areas of the lower leg and foot. However, the information provided, which details the bifurcation of the posterior tibial arteries supplying blood to either the lateral or medial plantar surfaces of the foot, does not directly pertain to the sensory distribution of the superficial peroneal nerve. This nerve primarily innervates the skin on the lateral and anterior aspects of the leg, as well as the dorsal surface of the foot and toes, with the exception of the areas between the toes innervated by the deep peroneal nerve. Sensory nerves, including the superficial peroneal nerve, contain receptors and free nerve endings that help sense various stimuli such as pain, temperature, light touch, and vibration. These receptive fields are part of the body's complex sensory system which integrates information from the skin and relays it to the brain for interpretation.