Final answer:
The fibular nerve, which is a part of the sciatic nerve from the sacral plexus, can be compressed against the head and neck of the fibula, a bone that serves primarily for muscle attachments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nerve that can frequently be compressed against the bony structures in the lower limb, specifically against the head and neck of the fibula, is the fibular nerve. This nerve is part of the sciatic nerve, which itself is derived from the sacral plexus and is a combination of the tibial and fibular nerves that extends across the hip joint and gluteal region into the upper posterior leg. The fibula, which is the slender bone located on the lateral side of the leg and serves for muscle attachments, can be palpated at its proximal and distal ends. The fibula does not bear weight, but the proximity of the fibular nerve to the fibula's head makes it vulnerable to compression.