Final answer:
The Mugwumps was not part of the farmer's protest vehicles, while the Grange, the Farmers' Alliance, and the People's Party were. These groups advocated for farmers' economic issues and political reforms in the late 19th century.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct response is that the Mugwumps was not a vehicle for farmer's protest, unlike the other options provided. The Grange, Farmers' Alliance, and the People's Party (also known as the Populist Party) were all part of a broader farm protest movement. These organizations focused on addressing the economic challenges faced by farmers in the late 19th century and advocating for political reforms such as a graduated income tax, eight-hour workdays, and the direct election of U.S. Senators. The People's Party, recognizing the need for urban support, attempted to reconcile the diverse interests of urban workers with those of rural farmers.
The Farmer's Alliance was essentially a broad-based social and economic movement that aimed to improve the conditions for farmers and promote their interests through education, cooperative buying and selling, and political action. It welcomed members from various backgrounds, including women and tenant farmers. The alliances' educational programs and newspaper affiliations helped them grow rapidly, reaching 1.5 million members by 1888. Their eventual evolution into the People's Party represented a significant foray into national politics and an attempt to rally a unified front of farmers and urban workers against the prevailing economic policies of the time.