Final answer:
Ethos is a rhetorical technique that establishes the author's or speaker's credibility and ethical appeal in an argument by using evidence such as facts and statistics, and by referring to the author's qualifications and character.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rhetorical arguments often employ various techniques to persuade audiences, and one such technique is ethos. Ethos is an ethical appeal that establishes the author's or speaker's credibility and authority on the subject matter. This can be represented by the character and qualifications of the person presenting the argument. A key component of ethos is presenting evidence to support claims, such as facts, statistics, and authoritative testimonials, ensuring that the argument is well-founded and convincing.
To effectively establish ethos, a writer or speaker may refer to their own expertise, cite respected figures, or use reliable and neutral language that conveys trustworthiness and likability. The ultimate goal of ethos is to persuade the readers or listeners by showcasing the arguer's competence and moral character, making the argument more appealing and believable. Therefore, when prepared thoroughly, employing ethos involves not just presenting oneself as credible, but also backing arguments with solid and unbiased evidence.
For example, a student writer arguing for expanded mental health services would strengthen their ethos by citing a survey conducted among students, using data from recognized institutions such as the International Association of Counseling Services, and referring to insights from a qualified mental health counselor. These elements contribute to a trustworthy and ethical presentation of the argument in question.