Final answer:
The question deals with the theme of motivation by necessity, showing how characters in the excerpts take actions based on financial needs and survival. This includes becoming a regular designer to achieve financial independence, stealing for a sick mother's medicine, and enduring poor working conditions. These choices are reflective of the harsh socio-economic realities these individuals face.
Step-by-step explanation:
The provided excerpts deal with various characters facing economic pressures and moral dilemmas, making decisions based on financial necessity, survival, and ethical considerations. These scenarios highlight the concept of motivation by necessity, where a person's actions are driven primarily by the need to resolve pressing financial or life challenges, rather than by desire or ambition. For example, the instance of Celine becoming a regular designer for Madame illustrates the lengths individuals will go to achieve financial independence. It is a survival strategy she employs despite realizing the hard bargain she has driven with Madame. Similarly, the situation where an employee justifies stealing as a means to purchase medicine for a sick mother is a demonstration of how individuals might invoke a higher purpose to rationalize their actions.
These narratives provide powerful commentary on the socio-economic struggles of working-class individuals and the unfortunate measures they must resort to for survival. The actions taken by these characters are not simply a result of choice but rather a reflection of the harsh realities that life presents to them. Such circumstances lead to a dull existence, multiple jobs, witnessing poor treatment of workers by higher classes, and enduring difficult working conditions - all to make ends meet. Furthermore, the comment about mothers losing professional status because of caring for their children highlights the unseen financial sacrifices behind familial responsibilities.