Final answer:
The artwork in question is 'The Last Judgment' by Michelangelo, a Mannerist fresco on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel, commissioned by Pope Clement VII and created between 1534 and 1541.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name of the artwork depicted in the Last Judgment Altar Wall of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City, Italy, is The Last Judgment. This fresco is one of the most famous works by Michelangelo, created during the time span from 1534 to 1541. This masterpiece is renowned for its dynamic Mannerist style and was commissioned by Pope Clement VII.
The Last Judgment depicts the second coming of Christ and the apocalyptic fate of souls, encapsulated by heavily muscled figures in artificial poses, characteristic of Mannerism.
Michelangelo was celebrated during the Renaissance for his classical influences, and then later criticized during the Counter-Reformation for the nudity and pagan elements – controversies that mark this work's place in history.