Final answer:
The painting by Sandro Botticelli that depicts the birth of the Roman goddess Venus is known as 'The Birth of Venus,' created in 1485 during the Florentine Renaissance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The painting that depicts the birth of Venus and was created by Sandro Botticelli during the Florentine Renaissance is The Birth of Venus. This iconic artwork, painted in 1485, showcases the Roman goddess of love and beauty emerging from the sea on a seashell. It is recognized for its portrayal of classical mythology, a hallmark of the Renaissance era. Zephyr, the god of wind, is shown blowing Venus towards the shore, while Hora, the god of spring, greets her with a red robe lavishly adorned with flowers.