Final answer:
The common method to detect intrinsic excitability and synaptic strength in neurons is Patch-clamp recording, an electrophysiological technique that measures ion flow and potential changes in response to neurotransmitter binding on a cellular level.
Step-by-step explanation:
We can commonly detect intrinsic excitability and synaptic strength in neurons using C) Patch-clamp recording. This technique allows for the measurement of ion flow and membrane potential changes in response to neurotransmitters binding to receptors. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is excellent for generating maps of brain activity, but not for the fine-scale measurement of a single neuron's electrical properties. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures overall brain electrical activity but lacks the specificity to measure the excitability and synaptic strength of individual neurons. Immunohistochemistry is useful for visualizing and identifying certain types of cells, such as new neurons using BrdU, but does not provide information on neuron excitability or synaptic strength.