Final answer:
The risk factors of colorectal cancer include a family history of the disease, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a diet high in animal fat and protein. Dietary fiber and calcium may not significantly reduce the risk. Early screening, particularly colonoscopy, is essential for detection and prevention of colorectal cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Risk Factors of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is a significant health concern, with around 140,000 Americans diagnosed each year. Several risk factors have been identified for this type of cancer. A family history of colorectal cancer is a known risk factor, indicating a possible genetic predisposition to the disease. Additionally, lifestyle choices such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk. A diet rich in animal fat and protein is another risk factor for developing colorectal cancer. Although dietary fiber and calcium are often thought to reduce the risk, recent studies suggest that they may not have a significant protective effect against this disease.
Early detection of colorectal cancer is crucial for effective treatment, and most colon cancers start as benign polyps in the colon. Screening methods such as colonoscopy, which is diagnostic and therapeutic, can identify and remove these precancerous polyps before they become malignant. Fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy screenings are recommended for individuals over the age of 50.