Final answer:
10 grams of oxygen atoms and 10 grams of iron atoms do not contain the same number of particles due to differing molar masses of the two elements, which affects the number of moles and hence the number of particles.
Step-by-step explanation:
No, 10 grams of oxygen atoms and 10 grams of iron atoms do not contain the same number of particles. This is because atoms of different elements have different masses. The number of particles in a sample is related to its molar mass and the number of moles present. Oxygen has a molar mass of approximately 16 grams/mol for oxygen atoms (O), while iron has a molar mass of approximately 56 grams/mol. Therefore, for the same mass, the number of moles of each element will differ, leading to a different number of atoms since one mole contains Avogadro's number of particles.