Final answer:
The mechanism behind stress involves a physiological 'fight-or-flight' response, with the release of stress hormones affecting health, particularly if chronic. Psychological factors like perception also play a key role in how stress is experienced. Chronic stress can lead to serious health issues such as heart disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mechanism Behind Stress
The mechanism behind stress involves a complex interplay between psychological and physiological processes. Acute or chronic stressors can trigger the body's stress response, often referred to as the 'fight-or-flight' reaction, wherein hormones like adrenaline and cortisol are released. This prepares the body for quick action. However, in modern life, these stress responses can become chronic, leading to negative health outcomes such as hypertension and coronary artery disease. Stress can manifest in various forms such as accelerated heart rate, headaches, and behavioral changes.
The Physiological Basis of Stress
Researchers such as Selye have explored the body's adaptive responses to stress through models like the general adaptation syndrome, which outlines an initial shock, adaptation, and subsequent depletion of physical resources. This prolonged activation of stress response systems, particularly when unnecessary, can lead to various diseases, as expounded by Sapolsky and others. Moreover, cardiovascular health can be adversely affected by long-term exposure to various stressors, be it job strain, marital conflict, or discrimination.
Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Stress
Stress is not just a physiological phenomenon; it is also influenced by cognitive perceptions, meaning individuals may experience stress differently based on how they appraise a situation. Behavioral responses to stress might include substance use or other activities aimed at stress regulation. It is important to recognize the subjective nature of stress and the role that personal perception plays in its manifestation and management.