Final answer:
The term describing the thought process for formulating a computer-executable solution is algorithm formulation or programming.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the thought process involved in expressing a solution in such a way that a computer can effectively execute it is known as algorithm formulation or programming. This involves the creation of a set of rules or instructions (an algorithm) that a computer can follow to perform a specific task. Programmers use programming languages to write these instructions in a way that a computer can understand and process. The process bridges the gap between human thinking and machine processing, translating our logical thought patterns into a syntax that machines can interpret.