Final answer:
The Longmen caves in Luoyang, China during the Tang Dynasty 1) served as a pilgrimage site and 2) showcased the wealth and faithfulness of the builders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Longmen caves in Luoyang, China during the Tang Dynasty served multiple functions:
- They served as a pilgrimage site for Buddhists, attracting both local and foreign devotees.
- They showcased the wealth and faithfulness of the builders, as the construction of these caves required significant resources and labor.
- They were not linked to the royal palace; rather, they were created separate from the political sphere.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1 and 2: To serve as a pilgrimage site and To showcase the wealth and faithfulness of the builders.