Final answer:
The Alhambra in Granada, Spain is known for its whitewashed adobe stucco with wood, tile, paint, gilding, and distinct geometric patterns, as well as abstract muqarna carvings and arabesque motifs on the columns. The exterior's intricate stucco work and harmonious design, complemented by gardens and fountains, make it an exquisite example of Islamic architecture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Alhambra in Granada, Spain, showcases the splendor of Islamic architecture with its sophisticated planning and intricate decoration. The exterior characteristics of the Alhambra prominently include whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding. Apart from this, what stands out is the exterior's austere appearance which is filled with heavy geometric patterns and abstract carvings known as muqarna on the columns. Additionally, the walls are adorned with arabesque motifs and floral designs.
The emphasis on decorative elements creates a complex and harmonious visual experience both inside and out, as seen in the use of muqarnas and arabesque motifs, which permit light to filter through windows, animating the spaces with the play of shadow and reflection.
A deeper significance is imbued in the Alhambra's design, where the recurring use of the phrase "...no conqueror, but God" in the carved stucco serves as both a stark reminder of its history and a testament to its cultural value. The exterior and interior of the Alhambra are meaningfully interlinked, creating an enduring legacy of the Nasrid dynasty's architectural prowess. This link is made all the more evident by the Alhambra's gardens and fountains, which add to the complexity and beauty of its exterior.