Final answer:
Karl Marx led a movement against the government he believed only represented the rich, advocating class struggle as the driving force of societal change.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual in history who led a revolt against the government, believing it represented only the rich, and who believed that the history of society was one of class struggle, was Karl Marx (answer c). Marx's theories formed the basis of Marxism, emphasizing the conflict between the bourgeoisie (the ruling capitalist class) and the proletariat (the working class) and called for a revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system. This revolutionary perspective directly relates to the understanding of societal progress through class struggle.