Final answer:
The IMF and World Bank require countries to implement Structural Adjustment Programs with conditionality's like privatization and deregulation to receive financial aid, but not all listed preconditions must be met simultaneously. Privatization, a controversial policy supported by the World Bank, is a subject of criticism due to potential inequality issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The preconditions for a country to receive financial assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank often involve implementing Structural Adjustment Programs. These can include a variety of economic reforms like deregulation, privatization, and the removal of trade barriers. However, not all of the options listed (such as export-oriented markets, privatization, increased interest rates, currency devaluation) are required simultaneously and mandatorily for financial assistance. Assistance typically comes with conditionality's, which are policy actions that a borrowing country agrees to undertake to gain access to the loans. These conditionality's aim to ensure that the country will be able to repay the loan and to encourage economic stability and growth.
One controversial policy that the World Bank has supported is the increased privatization of public utilities. This has been a subject of criticism from various quarters who argue that privatization can lead to inequality in access to services.
Moreover, both the IMF and World Bank are involved in various aspects of economic development and capacity building, such as financing early warning systems, supporting educational initiatives, and encouraging investments in health and infrastructure for clean water.