Final answer:
A scientist studying organisms and their ecosystem changes via computers uses a simulation model. These advanced models use computer algorithms supported by supercomputers and can simulate individual organism behavior and their impact on the ecosystem.
Step-by-step explanation:
A scientist who studies an organism by using computers and mathematical data to simulate changes in its ecosystem uses a simulation model instead of an experiment. A simulation model is an ecosystem model created using complex computer algorithms to holistically model ecosystems and predict the effects of environmental disturbances on ecosystem structure and dynamics. These models obtain their data from previous observations or experiments, and they use supercomputers for individual-based simulations, accounting for the behaviour of individual organisms and their overall effects on the ecosystem.
Three basic types of ecosystem modelling include conceptual models, analytical models, and simulation models. While conceptual models are primarily descriptive, using flow charts to illustrate interactions within the ecosystem and analytical models use simple mathematical formulas for predictions, simulation models employ advanced computer programs to manage the complexities of ecosystem structures. This approach to modelling allows for predictions of how ecosystems respond to various disturbances without direct experimentation, although it's important to note that there may be limitations to the model's accuracy. When developing these simulation models, scientists aim to ensure they are accurate enough to identify ecosystem components particularly sensitive to disturbances, aiding in the maintenance of ecosystem health.