Final answer:
The numbers 12 and 3 are factors because when multiplied they produce a product (36), which when divided by one of the factors (12 or 3) gives a quotient of 4. Hence, the correct answer is option b), Factors: 12, 3; Quotient: 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
Finding the factors of a multiplication operation involves identifying two numbers that, when multiplied, give a certain product. Similarly, finding the quotient means identifying the result of a division operation. If we analyze the options given:
- a) Factors: 6, 5; Quotient: 4 - If we multiply 6 and 5, we get 30, not a number that would produce a quotient of 4 when divided by either 6 or 5.
- b) Factors: 12, 3; Quotient: 4 - Multiplying 12 by 3 gives us 36, and no division of 36 by either 12 or 3 results in a quotient of 4.
- c) Factors: 6, 5; Quotient: 3 - Again similar to option a), multiplying 6 by 5 does not result in a number that, when divided, gives a quotient of 3.
- d) Factors: 12, 3; Quotient: 5 - Multiplying 12 by 3 gives us 36, and indeed 36 divided by 3 gives us a quotient of 12. Multiplying by the least number of significant figures, as stated in option b), confirms that 12 and 3 are the factors, and 4 is the quotient.
Therefore, the correct choice where the numbers are properly identified as factors and quotient is option b): Factors: 12, 3; Quotient: 4.