Question

UV radiation can directly cause the DNA within cells to mutate, which may eventually lead to the formation of cancer. Which of the following best describe mechanisms for how UV radiation may lead to cancer? Choose 2 answers:

(a) UV radiation may cause negative regulators (tumor suppressors) to be under-expressed.
(b) UV radiation may cause positive regulators (oncogenic) to be over-expressed.
(c) UV radiation may cause cells to complete cytokinesis after M phase.
(d) UV radiation may force cells to go through specific checkpoints in the cell cycle.

Answer 1

UV radiation may lead to cancer by under-expressing tumor suppressors and over-expressing oncogenes.

Step-by-step explanation:

The mechanisms by which UV radiation may lead to cancer are:

1. UV radiation may cause negative regulators (tumor suppressors) to be under-expressed.
2. UV radiation may cause positive regulators (oncogenic) to be over-expressed.

UV radiation can directly cause DNA mutations, specifically bonding between thymine and cytosine nucleotides. This damage can lead to cancer if not repaired properly. UV radiation can disrupt the normal cell cycle and gene expression, resulting in the under-expression of tumor suppressors and over-expression of oncogenes.