Final answer:
Armando has been running for a total of 11 seconds when Jaime has been running for 3 seconds, as you add Jaime's running time to Armando's 8-second head start.The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Jaime has been running for 3 seconds, Armando has been running for 11 seconds. This is because Jaime started running 8 seconds after Armando. To find the total time Armando has been running, you simply add the time Jaime has been running (3 seconds) to the time head start Armando had (8 seconds).
3 seconds (Jaime running) + 8 seconds (Armando's head start) = 11 seconds
The correct answer is (a) 11 seconds.