Final answer:
The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls other endocrine glands by secreting a variety of hormones, such as growth hormone and endorphins. The anterior lobe produces hormones that specifically regulate different endocrine glands, while the posterior lobe dispenses hormones made by the hypothalamus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pituitary gland is commonly referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a pivotal role in regulating various components of the endocrine system. Located at the base of the brain and connected to the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland manages and directs the function of other endocrine glands by secreting a variety of hormones. These hormones include growth hormone, endorphins, and several others that influence fluid levels and various physiological processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces tropic hormones that specifically regulate other endocrine glands like the thyroid, adrenal glands, and gonads. For instance, the Thyrotropic hormone stimulates the thyroid glands to produce thyroid hormones. The posterior lobe stores and releases hormones created by the hypothalamus. The dynamic relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary ensures that the master gland receives input from the brain and, in turn, exerts control over other glands to maintain overall hormonal balance in the body.