Final answer:
To compute motivation according to expectancy theory, an assessment is made based on the expectancy of effort leading to performance, the instrumentality of performance leading to rewards, and the valence or value of these rewards to the individual.
Step-by-step explanation:
To compute motivation using expectancy theory, we consider the connection between individuals' effort, performance, and the desirability of outcomes. Expectancy theory posits that motivation is a product of three components: expectancy (the belief that effort leads to performance), instrumentality (the belief that performance is related to rewards), and valence (the value an individual places on the rewards). Calculating motivation can't be done with a numerical formula, but rather it is assessed by evaluating these three factors and how they interact with one another.
For instance, an individual will be motivated to perform a task when they believe their effort will indeed lead to effective performance (expectancy), that this performance will be rewarded (instrumentality), and that the rewards are valuable to them (valence). Self-efficacy plays a crucial role, as it underlines the belief in one's capabilities, influencing the expectancy aspect of the motivation equation. Social motives like need for achievement, affiliation, and intimacy also play a role in shaping the values that individuals place on their goals (valence).