Final answer:
Factors causing MBO program failure include work overload, role ambiguity, unsupportive supervisors, and lack of perceived control, all of which challenge the program's reliance on clear objectives and supportive leadership.
Step-by-step explanation:
Four factors associated with the failure of Management by Objectives (MBO) programs include:
Work overload, which can lead to burnout and reduced effectiveness.
- Conflict and ambiguity in defining the managerial role, often causing confusion and inefficiency.
- Unsupportive supervisors, resulting in a lack of guidance and motivation.
- Lack of perceived control, which can demotivate employees and create a feeling of helplessness.
These factors create a challenging environment for MBO programs to thrive, as they rely heavily on clear objectives, supportive leadership, and the ability of managers to influence outcomes.