Final answer:
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction caused by the rapid release of inflammatory mediators such as histamines from mast cells upon exposure to an allergen, leading to life-threatening symptoms. Epinephrine is the primary treatment, as it helps to alleviate the reaction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anaphylaxis Explanation
Anaphylaxis occurs due to a rapid release of inflammatory mediators following exposure to an allergen. At the first encounter with an allergen, B cells produce antibodies that bind to mast cells. Upon re-exposure, these primed mast cells immediately release cytokines and histamines which cause inflammation and the recruitment of leukocytes. This leads to various symptoms such as a drop in blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and potentially, anaphylactic shock. Histamine plays a pivotal role by causing vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in tissue edema. Epinephrine is a critical treatment, as it raises blood pressure and dilates bronchial smooth muscle, quickly countering the effects of anaphylaxis.